Vitamin, Mineral, and Multivitamin Supplements for the Primary Prevention of CVD and Cancer: USPSTF Recommendation Statement

Recommendation: The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of the use of multivitamins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or cancer. (I statement) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of the use of singleor paired-nutrient supplements (except -carotene and vitamin E) for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or cancer. (I statement) The USPSTF recommends against the use of -carotene or vitamin E supplements for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or cancer. (D recommendation)